Effects of Shanxian Granule on antagonistic immunity of Lewis lung cancer mice and level of IFN-γ,TNF-β,IL-10 in peripheral blood / 中国免疫学杂志

Objective:To investigate the effects of Shanxian granule on proliferation of Lewis lung cancer cells and anti-tumor immunity and immune microenvironment of Lewis lung cancer-bearing mice in order to explore the molecular mechanism of anti-tumor of Shanxian Granule and improve the anti-tumor immunity of the body, and provide further theoretical basis for its clinical application. Methods:Lewis lung cancer cells was transplanted to axillary skin to establish mouse tumor model. The mice divided into blank group,model group,chemotherapy group and Shanxian granule group. The tumor tissue of Lewis lung cancer tumor bearing mice was weighed and the tumor inhibition rate was calculated. Immunohistochemical method was used to detect the expression of CD and CD8 in spleen tissue. The effect of lymphocytes on the proliferation of Lewis lung cancer cells was detected by CCK-8 method. The level of IFN-γ,TNF-βand IL-10 in peripheral blood were detected by ELISA. Results:①The tumor inhibition rate of Lewis lung cancer was 45. 99% in Shanxian Granule group,which was significantly higher than that of chemotherapy group (P<0. 05).②The lymphocytes of mouse can inhibit the proliferation of Lewis lung cancer cells and have a positive correlation with lymphocyte concentration and duration of action. Moreover,CD4+ T cells,CD4+/CD8+ratio and lymphocyte inhibition rate of Lewis lung cancer cells in model group and chem-otherapy group were significantly lower than those in blank group (P<0. 05). Shanxian granule group was significantly higher than the model group and chemotherapy group ( P<0. 05 ) . However, there was no significant difference between Shanxian granule group and blank group(P>0. 05).③The levels of IFN-γand TNF-βin peripheral blood of model group and chemotherapy group were significantly lower than those in blank group,while IL-10 was significantly higher than that in blank group (P<0. 05). The levels of IFN-γand TNF-βin peripheral blood of mice in Shanxian granule group were significantly higher than those in model group and chemotherapy group, while IL-10 was significantly lower than that in model group and chemotherapy group (P<0. 05). There was no significant difference in IFN-γ,TNF-β and IL-10 in peripheral blood of mice between Shanxian granule group and blank group. Conclusion:Shanxian granule can significantly inhibit the growth of tumor tissue of Lewis lung cancer tumor bearing mice,increase the spleen index of mice,enhance the activity of T lymphocytes,upregulate IFN-γ and TNF-β in peripheral blood and decrease IL-I. These suggested that the anti-tumor effect of Shanxian granule may be achieved by regulating the content of CD4+ T lymphocyte,the ration of CD4+/CD8+ and Th1/Th2 ratio,in order to restore the immune steady function of tumor patients,improve the immune system and enhance the immune surveillance function.

Effects of Shanxian Granule on antagonistic immunity of Lewis lung cancer mice and level of IFN-γ,TNF-β,IL-10 in peripheral blood / 中国免疫学杂志

Objective:To investigate the effects of Shanxian granule on proliferation of Lewis lung cancer cells and anti-tumor immunity and immune microenvironment of Lewis lung cancer-bearing mice in order to explore the molecular mechanism of anti-tumor of Shanxian Granule and improve the anti-tumor immunity of the body, and provide further theoretical basis for its clinical application. Methods:Lewis lung cancer cells was transplanted to axillary skin to establish mouse tumor model. The mice divided into blank group,model group,chemotherapy group and Shanxian granule group. The tumor tissue of Lewis lung cancer tumor bearing mice was weighed and the tumor inhibition rate was calculated. Immunohistochemical method was used to detect the expression of CD and CD8 in spleen tissue. The effect of lymphocytes on the proliferation of Lewis lung cancer cells was detected by CCK-8 method. The level of IFN-γ,TNF-βand IL-10 in peripheral blood were detected by ELISA. Results:①The tumor inhibition rate of Lewis lung cancer was 45. 99% in Shanxian Granule group,which was significantly higher than that of chemotherapy group (P<0. 05).②The lymphocytes of mouse can inhibit the proliferation of Lewis lung cancer cells and have a positive correlation with lymphocyte concentration and duration of action. Moreover,CD4+ T cells,CD4+/CD8+ratio and lymphocyte inhibition rate of Lewis lung cancer cells in model group and chem-otherapy group were significantly lower than those in blank group (P<0. 05). Shanxian granule group was significantly higher than the model group and chemotherapy group ( P<0. 05 ) . However, there was no significant difference between Shanxian granule group and blank group(P>0. 05).③The levels of IFN-γand TNF-βin peripheral blood of model group and chemotherapy group were significantly lower than those in blank group,while IL-10 was significantly higher than that in blank group (P<0. 05). The levels of IFN-γand TNF-βin peripheral blood of mice in Shanxian granule group were significantly higher than those in model group and chemotherapy group, while IL-10 was significantly lower than that in model group and chemotherapy group (P<0. 05). There was no significant difference in IFN-γ,TNF-β and IL-10 in peripheral blood of mice between Shanxian granule group and blank group. Conclusion:Shanxian granule can significantly inhibit the growth of tumor tissue of Lewis lung cancer tumor bearing mice,increase the spleen index of mice,enhance the activity of T lymphocytes,upregulate IFN-γ and TNF-β in peripheral blood and decrease IL-I. These suggested that the anti-tumor effect of Shanxian granule may be achieved by regulating the content of CD4+ T lymphocyte,the ration of CD4+/CD8+ and Th1/Th2 ratio,in order to restore the immune steady function of tumor patients,improve the immune system and enhance the immune surveillance function.

Changes in lymphocyte subsets in infants with common lower respiratory tract infectious diseases / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the changes and clinical significance of lymphocyte subsets in infants with bronchitis, bronchopneumonia, and bronchiolitis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 111 children with bronchitis, 418 children with bronchopneumonia, and 83 children with bronchiolitis were enrolled as disease groups, and 235 healthy children were enrolled as control group. Flow cytometry was applied to measure lymphocyte subsets.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The bronchitis group had significantly lower numbers of T cells and CD3+CD8+ T cells than the control group (P<0.05). The bronchopneumonia group had significantly lower numbers of T cells and CD3+CD8+ T cells, a significantly higher number of T helper (Th) cells, and a significantly higher CD4/CD8 ratio than the control group, as well as a significantly higher number of Th cells than the bronchitis group. Compared with the children with mild bronchopneumonia, those with severe bronchopneumonia showed a reduction in T cells and an increase in B cells (P<0.05). The bronchiolitis group had a significantly higher number of Th cells, a significantly higher CD4/CD8 ratio, and a significantly lower number of CD3+CD8+ T cells than the control group (P<0.01). The disease groups showed a significantly higher number of B cells and a significantly lower number of natural killer cells than the control group (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>A low, disturbed cellular immune function and a high humoral immune function are involved in the development and progression of lower respiratory tract infectious diseases. The changes in immune function are related to the type and severity of diseases.</p>

Di-(n-butyl)-phthalate-induced oxidative stress and depression-like behavior in mice with or without ovalbumin immunization / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the relationship between atopic allergy and depression and the role of DBP in the development of depression.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>BALB/c mice were randomly divided into eight groups: saline; ovalbumin (OVA)-immunized; saline+DBP (0.45 mg/kg•d); saline+DBP (45 mg/kg•d); DBP (0.45 mg/kg•d) OVA-immunized; DBP (45 mg/kg•d) OVA-immunized; saline+hydrocortisone (30 mg/kg•d); and hydrocortisone (30 mg/kg•d)-exposed OVA-immunized. Behavior (e.g. open-field, tail suspension, and forced swimming tests), viscera coefficients (brain and spleen), oxidative damage [e.g. reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), and glutathione (GSH)], as well as levels of IgE and IL-4, were then analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In the saline and OVA groups, the degree of depression symptoms in mice increased with increasing DBP concentration. Additionally, the OVA-immunity groups were associated with more serious depressive behavior compared with the same exposure concentration in the saline group. Oxidative damage was associated with a dose-dependent increase in DBP in the different groups. IL-4 and IgE levels were associated with low-dose DBP stimulation, which changed to high-dose inhibition with increasing DBP exposure, possibly due to spleen injury seen at high DBP concentrations.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Development of an atopic allergy has the potential to increase the risk of depression in mice, and it seems that DBP helps OVA to exert its effect in our present model. Moreover, the results of our study implicate a certain connection between brain oxidative stress and depression, which deserves a further exploration.</p>

Application of fat clearance technique in pathologic staging for colon cancer / 中华胃肠外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate whether the use of fat clearance technique improves the accuracy of staging for colon cancer.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Between June 2007 and December 2008, surgical specimens of 91 patients with colon cancer were procured. Between June 2007 and January 2008, routine technique for lymph node harvest including visualization and tactile sensation was used in 45 patients (conventional group), while lymph nodes of 46 patients between February 2008 and December 2008 were examined using fat clearance technique(fat clearance group).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The mean of lymph nodes harvested was 32.7 using fat clearance technique, significantly higher than that(15.3) of the conventional group(P<0.01). The mean positive lymph nodes was 2.7 and 1.8 in the two groups, respectively, with a statistically significant difference(P<0.05). There were more stage III( colon cancer in the postoperative staging than that in the preoperative staging using fat clearance technique (31 vs.19, P<0.05), while there was no difference in stage III( colon cancer between postoperative staging and preoperative staging using conventional method (21 vs.19, P>0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Fat clearance technique significantly increases number of lymph node retrieval and positive nodes, therefore the accuracy of postoperative staging is improved.</p>

Open total extraperitoneal herniorrhaphy for inguinal hernia via a ventral midline incision / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To discuss the operation skills and evaluate the effects of open total extraperitoneal herniorrhaphy for inguinal hernia via a ventral midline incision.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From June 2008 to December 2009, 106 patients with inguinal hernia received open total extraperitoneal herniorrhaphy via a ventral midline incision, the clinical data were analyzed retrospectively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Of the patients, 86 cases were male, 20 were female, the mean age was 60.2 years (range, 21 - 86 years). The mean operation time was (32.6 ± 10.5) minutes. The postoperative hospital stay was (2.3 ± 0.7) days. Intra-operative peritoneal perforation occurred in 2 cases. Four cases experienced urine retention and seroma happened in 2 cases, 6 cases suffered early surgical-site pain, and all of the complications were cured with conservative treatment. Three cases developed scrotal hydrocele. No neuralgia or incisional infection occurred in this group. During a 3- to 22-months follow-up period (mean, 10.2 months), no patient complained of discomfort or foreign body sensation in the inguinal area. Two cases recurred 2 and 11 months after the surgery, respectively; the recurrence rate was 1.9%, the two patients healed after reoperation.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Open total extraperitoneal herniorrhaphy operation via a ventral midline incision is a safe, effective and convenient technique for inguinal hernia with few postoperative complications. This method is worth popularizing.</p>

Comparison of fat clearance and fat lucidification in examining rectal cancer specimen / 中华胃肠外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare fat clearance and fat lucidification in the examination of rectal cancer specimen, and to study the distribution pattern of lymph nodes in rectal cancer specimen.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Between January 2007 and December 2007, sixty-four cases undergone total mesorectal excision were divided into two groups. The fat clearance technique was used to examine the specimens in one group, while fat lucidification was used in the other. The total number and the number of metastatic lymph nodes between two groups were compared, as well as the time for processing specimens and that for dissecting the lymph nodes.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>An average of 37.4 lymph nodes were detected with fat clearance, in which 3.3 lymph nodes were metastatic; while an average of 36.2 nodes were detected with fat lucidification, in which 3.2 were metastatic. There were no significant differences in either the total number or the number of metastatic lymph nodes. The time for processing specimens in the fat lucidification group was 28 hours, while in the fat clearance group was 72 hours. The time for specimen processing was significantly shorter in the fat lucidification group (P<0.05). The mean time for dissecting lymph nodes in the fat clearance group was 2.1 hours, while in the fat lucidification group was 2.0 hours, the difference was not statistically significant.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>When processing rectal cancer specimens with the fat lucidification technique can result in the similar number of lymph nodes compared to the fat clearance technique, with significantly shorter specimen processing time. The spatial position of the lymph nodes is better preserved using the fat lucidification technique, which may help study the distribution pattern of the normal and metastatic lymph nodes.</p>

The influence of lymph nodes detection on pathological staging in rectal cancer / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the influence of lymph nodes detection on the pathological staging in rectal cancer specimens.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From January 2007 to June 2008, 75 patients with rectal cancer who underwent total mesorectal excision were randomly divided into two groups: conventional group (n = 39), in which lymph nodes were detected by sight and palpation; fat clearance group (n = 36), in which lymph nodes were harvested after the specimens immersed in a fat clearance solution for 24 hours. The lymph node number harvested was compared between the two groups, and metastasis of the lymph nodes and its impact on the pathologic staging was analyzed in the two groups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 75 patients (42 male and 33 female, the average age was 53.2 years) were enrolled in this study. In the conventional group, a mean of 14.4 lymph nodes (range, 8 - 27) was detected, and was significantly less than that in fat clearance group (mean 36.2, range, 18 - 62) (t = 5.800, P < 0.05). The tumor invasion was classified as T1 in 4 cases and 5 cases, T2 in 9 cases and 6 cases, T3 in 24 cases and 22 cases and T4 in 2 cases and 3 cases in conventional group and fat clearance group, respectively. No significant difference was found in T classification between the two groups (Z = 0.160, P = 0.850). The mean number of metastatic lymph nodes harvested in conventional group was 1.5, and it was 3.2 in the fat clearance group (Z = 3.500, P < 0.05). According to the regional lymph nodes, patients classified as N0, N1 and N2 were 20, 12, 7 cases in conventional group, and were 9, 14, 13 cases in the fat clearance group, respectively; and there was significant difference between the two groups (Z = 2.410, P = 0.016).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The variation of the number of harvested lymph nodes in surgical specimens from rectal cancer after total mesorectal excision is great. The metastasis of mesorectal lymph nodes is not only associated with the tumor staging, but also related to the number of harvested lymph nodes. It is questionable that 12 lymph nodes is currently seen as enough to evaluate the pathologic staging for rectal cancer.</p>

Study on the tectology change of rectum wall above the hemorrhoids / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the histomorphological characteristics and its significance of rectum wall above hemorrhoids.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Tissues of rectum wall above hemorrhoids were obtained after stapled hemorrhoidopexy from 21 patients with grade III-IV internal hemorrhoids. Seven macroscopically normal rectal tissues collected from upper rectal cancer patients without a history of hemorrhoids served as control. Masson trichrome staining was performed for detecting smooth muscles and collagen in the tissues. The expression of type III collagen was detected by using immunohistochemical staining in the two groups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Morphological abnormalities, such as fragment, rupture, disorganization were found in smooth muscle of proximal rectal tissues above the piles, and it was statistically different from the distal rectal tissues above the piles and control tissues (all P < 0.05). Moreover, hyperplasia of type III collagen in both muscularis mucosa and rectum wall in tissues above hemorrhoids were observed, no such changes was found in the control tissues.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The range of pathological changes in hemorrhoids is beyond the anal cushions. The pathological changes of the smooth muscle and the type III collagen in the tissues above the piles are the pathological basis of hemorrhoids.</p>

Randomized trial on the application of biofragmentable anastomosis ring in intestinal anastomosis / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>The biofragmentable anastomosis ring (BAR) is a simple alternative device to create intestinal anastomosis. Our study was designed to evaluate the clinical value of BAR in intestinal anastomosis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 167 patients performed intestinal anastomosis from January 2002 to February 2006 were randomized to BAR group (n = 82) and manual suture group (n = 85) as control. They were equally allocated to the two groups regarding sex, age, site of anastomosis, emergent or elective surgery and contaminant diseases. The results of postoperative complications and recovery were recorded in each group.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Eighty-seven intraperitoneal BAR anastomoses were completed in 82 patients. Two and one postoperative deaths were recorded in BAR and suture group, respectively, no deaths were directly related to anastomotic technique. In suture group, anastomotic leakage and early bleeding both occurred in two patients respectively, no anastomotic bleeding occurred in BAR group, one patient in BAR group developed enterocutaneous fistulae. Perioperative bleeding, operation time and length of hospitalization were similar in two groups (P > 0.05). Time for return of bowel function was significantly shortened in BAR group than that in suture group (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The BAR appears to be a standard, easy, safe and effective alternative either in elective or emergent intraperitoneal intestinal anastomotic surgery.</p>

Use of local or epidural anesthesia in inguinal hernia repair: a randomized trial / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the efficacy and safety of local anesthesia and epidural anesthesia in tension-free repair of inguinal hernia.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Between January 2004 and December 2006, 269 patients underwent inguinal hernia repair were randomly divided into two groups, receiving local anesthesia (143 cases) and epidural anesthesia (126 cases). The clinical data from the two groups were analyzed retrospectively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The operation time, ambulation time, length of hospital stay and cost of hospitalization in local anesthesia group were significantly less than those in epidural anesthesia group (P < 0.05). No significant differences were found in intra-operative use of ancillary sedation drugs, postoperative recovery situation, pain scores and operation-correlated complications between the two groups. The occurrence of postoperative anaesthetic complication rate was also significantly lower in local anesthesia group (P < 0.05). One case of recurrence occurred in each group during postoperative follow-up period.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Tension-free inguinal hernia repair under local anesthesia is a simple, safe, economical, effective procedure and superior to epidural anesthesia.</p>

Study on intra-abdominal pressure in indirect inguinal hernia patients / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) and its changes in patients with indirect inguinal hernia and non-hernia diseases.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Supine IAP (SIAP), supine Valsava IAP (SVIAP), orthostatic IAP (OIAP) and orthostatic Valsava IAP (OVIAP) were measured by intra-vesicle pressure measurement in 19 indirect inguinal hernia patients and 20 non-hernia patients, respectively. The differences of IAP between orthostatic and supine position in quiescent condition (OSIAPD), before and after taking Valsava maneuver in supine position (SVIAPD) or in orthostatic position (OVIAPD), orthostatic and supine position when taking Valsava maneuver (OSVIAPD) were compared between the two groups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There was no significant differences in SIAP, OIAP, SVIAP, OSIAPD, SVIAPD between the two groups (P > 0.05). While patients with indirect inguinal hernia had higher OVIAP (P < 0.05). Significant differences in OVIAPD and OSVIAPD was found between the two groups (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The etiology of indirect inguinal hernia were related to orthostatic position, increasing IAP and changes of anatomic structures. The IAP is prone to elevated in patients with indirect inguinal hernia.</p>